双语 | 联合国副秘书长乌莎·拉奥·莫纳里：气候行动亟需助力

本文首发于《中国日报》，作者乌莎·拉奥·莫纳里系联合国副秘书长、联合国开发计划署副署长。

The article was originally published on China Daily. The author is Usha Rao-Monari, secretary-general of the United Nations and associate administrator of the United Nations Development Programme.

JIN DING / CHINA DAILY

我们正身处历史的关键时期。2022年全球平均气温预计将比工业化前高约1.2摄氏度。世界气象组织《2022年全球气候状况》报告显示，伴随温室气体浓度不断上升和热量持续累积，过去八年将成为有史以来最热的八年。今年，极端高温天气、干旱和毁灭性洪灾已影响数百万人，造成数十亿美元损失。

We stand at a critical moment in history. Global mean temperature in 2022 is currently estimated to be around 1.2 C above the pre-industrial levels. According to the World Meteorological Organization Provisional State of the Global Climate 2022 report, the past eight years were on track to be the eight warmest on record, fueled by ever-rising greenhouse gas concentrations and accumulated heat. Extreme heat waves, drought and devastating flooding have affected millions of people and cost billions of dollars this year.

政府间气候变化专门委员会最新报告显示，全球约40%的居民生活在极易受气候变化影响的地区。新冠肺炎疫情和冲突进一步加剧了气候变化带来的严峻形势，造成1.63亿人重新陷入贫困，并引发持续不断的生活成本危机，严重影响了世界各地居民的生活水平。人类和地球生态系统被推向风口浪尖。

The most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report shows that around 40 percent of humanity lives in areas that are already highly vulnerable to climate change. The situation has been further exacerbated globally by the COVID-19 pandemic and conflicts, pushing 163 million people back into poverty, and severely impacting livelihoods through an ongoing cost-of-living crisis experienced in most regions of the world. Both humanity and the planet's ecosystems are being pushed to the brink.

2015年联合国各成员国一致通过的《2030年可持续发展议程》和17项可持续发展目标是我们应对上述挑战的共同路线图，为我们走向绿色、公正和包容的未来指明了方向。

In responding to these challenges, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the 17 Sustainable Development Goals adopted by all Member States of the United Nations in 2015 remain our common roadmap to chart a course to a green, just and inclusive future.

然而，距离实现2030年议程仅剩八年时间，采取行动刻不容缓。为共同缓解并适应气候变化、实现可持续发展目标，我们需要大规模的变革行动，资金支持至关重要。问题的关键并非资金匮乏——我们生活在一个拥有1540万亿美元资产的世界。真正的问题在于如何使用这些资源。

Yet, with only eight years left to fulfill the 2030 Agenda, time is running out. To realize the large-scale interventions required to collectively mitigate and adapt to climate change and achieve the SDGs, finance is essential. The challenge is not necessarily a lack of resources — we live in a world with $1.54 quadrillion in assets. The real issue is where and how the money is invested.

我们需要将金融资源投向最需要的领域——人类发展、可持续发展目标和气候承诺。联合国环境规划署预估显示，到2030年，仅发展中国家每年所需的气候变化适应成本就将达到1600亿至3400亿美元。到2050年，这一数字将进一步升至3150亿到5650亿美元。

We need to redirect financial resources to where they are needed most — human development, the SDGs and climate commitments. The United Nations Environment Programme estimated that adaptation costs alone faced by just developing countries will be in a range of $160 billion to $340 billion per year by 2030, and $315 billion to $565 billion annually by 2050.

幸运的是，可持续发展的商业前景愈发明晰：绿色经济转型将有望在2030年创造26万亿美元的额外经济收益。2030年前实现可持续发展目标将在全球范围内带来12万亿美元的商机。

Fortunately, the business case for sustainable development is stronger than ever: Shifting to a green economy could yield a direct economic gain of $26 trillion through 2030 compared to business-as-usual. Achieving the SDGs by 2030 would open $12 trillion of global business opportunities.

为充分把握这些机遇，世界各国政府、企业和国际组织必须协调一致，立即采取行动。我想特别强调三个方面：

To capitalize on these opportunities, there must be coordinated and urgent actions from governments, businesses and multilateral organizations worldwide. In particular, I'd like to highlight three areas:

首先，我们需要加强财政规划和预算改革，使公共财政与气候承诺和可持续发展目标相一致。

First, we need to strengthen fiscal planning and budget reforms to better align public finance with climate pledges and the SDGs.

其次，我们需要发掘私人资本的潜力，建立良好的市场环境，引导更多的资本和技术创新流向可持续发展目标。数据、可持续标准、监测和披露机制是扩大可持续投融资规模的关键。

Second, we need to unlock private capital for the SDGs, building an enabling environment that directs more capital and innovation toward the SDGs. Data, SDG-aligned standards, and monitoring and reporting are the key to scale up.

最后，我们需要增进合作以应对多重危机，包括弥合资本与技术差距、解决债务风险、提高透明度、强化责任原则等。

Third, we need to foster cooperation to address multidimensional crises, including to bridge financial and technological gaps, address debt risks and boost transparency and accountability.

中国在加速低碳转型方面可贡献力量，在推进低碳技术和可持续金融方面做出了一系列努力。中国绿色债券发行量已跃居全球前列，去年绿色债券市场增速也在主要经济体中位列第一。气候债券倡议组织数据显示，2021年中国绿色债券的年发行量比前一年增加了一倍多，达到1095亿美元（7063亿人民币）。

China is well-positioned to contribute to accelerating the low carbon transition. It has made efforts to advance low carbon technology, and sustainable finance, rising to be among the top issuers in green bonds globally and recording the fastest growth rate in its green bond market among major economies last year. According to the Climate Bond Initiative, annual issuance of green bonds in China more than doubled in 2021 compared to the previous year reaching $109.5 billion.

在此基础上，我们持续呼吁各国和各合作伙伴加入联合国开发计划署的1万亿美元气候投融资目标，调动公共和私营部门资金资源，共同助力实现2030年可持续发展议程。

Building on this momentum, we continue to call on countries and partners to join the United Nations Development Programme in its $1 trillion "moonshot" target to help mobilize game-changing public and private sector resources toward the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

让我们一同携手前行，建设一个更美好、更可持续的世界，不让任何人掉队，保障人类和地球的未来。

Together, we can build a better, more sustainable world that leaves no one behind, and safeguards the future of both people and the planet.

往期回顾